Glossary

4G	4G is the fourth generation of wireless mobile telecommunications technology, following the third generation (3G). LTE technology is referred to as 4G.
5G	5G is the fifth generation of mobile networks or wireless data transmission systems.
5G SA	5G Standalone (5G SA) is a 5G network that operates completely independently. Unlike older 5G Non-Standalone (NSA) networks that rely on the 4G core network, 5G SA leverages an entirely new, dedicated 5G core network. This enables faster connections and lower latency.
ARPU	Average revenue per user. However, the calculation principle is average revenue per subscription.
Carrier aggregation	Evolution of LTE technology whereby a customer may simultaneously use two carriers in place of their normal carrier, enabling faster data transfers.
CDP	CDP (formerly the “Carbon Disclosure Project”) is an independent non-profit organisation that collects detailed information about climate change mitigation, greenhouse gas emissions and adaptation to climate change. This information is used by investment companies, politicians, different associations, researchers and the press. Many companies and organisations around the world report their operations to CDP.
Churn	Churn describes what percentage of subscriptions have left the subscription base during the reporting period. This figure has been converted to corresponding to an annual change.
DNS	The Domain Name System is the Internet naming system, which translates domain names to IP addresses. Devices connected to the Internet communicate with each other using numerical IP addresses. DNS translates these into more easily recognised names. Email routing is another key purpose of DNS.
DTT	Digital terrestrial television. Digital television is replacing broadcasts based on analogue signals. Digital technology enables improved image and sound quality, and it uses frequency ranges more efficiently than analogue technology.
FTTB	Fibre to the building (also “fibre to the basement”). An optical fibre cable connection to a residential property (terraced house or multi-storey building, see MDU).
FTTH	Fibre to the home. Optical fibre cable connection to a detached house or dwelling (see SDU).
ICT	Information and communications technology.
IP/MPLS	Internet Protocol/Multiprotocol Label Switching is a data network routing protocol, whereby individual data elements are supplied with separate address records. As a result, data is transferred more quickly than when using conventional routing.
Cable Modem	A cable modem is a terminal device (modem) in a bi-directional cable TV network. A broadband Internet connection is the most common service implemented via a cable modem. Cable modem technology is implemented in the cable TV network on the basis of the specifications of the Data Over Cable Service Interface Specification (DOCSIS), the de-facto standard.
Broadband	Broadband is a fast and continuous internet connection, which can be fixed (such as fiber optic) or wireless (4G/5G mobile broadband). In general, this term covers connections with speeds of at least 512 kbit/s, or 256 kbit/s in Finland according to the Finnish Communications Regulatory Authority. According to some definitions, the minimum requirement is 1 Mbps, 2 Mbps or 10 Mbps; the starting point is that the connection must be fast enough for specific service needs, such as streaming TV programmes via the Internet, without any defects in quality.
LAN	A local area network is a data network operating in a limited area, such as inside a single building.
Mbit/s	Megabits per second (mega = one million). Data transfer rate. Gbit/s is also commonly used (giga = one billion).
MDU	Multi-dwelling unit. A complex of multiple residences, with separate housing units (such as apartments) forming units of one or more buildings.
MTR	Mobile termination rate. The rate of a call minute or text message that operators charge each other for roaming.
SaaS	Software as a Service means that software is acquired as a service in place of the conventional method of purchasing a licence. Usage is usually charged by volume. There are no customer-specific production environments, and a single production environment serves several or all customers. Customers usually use SaaS using an Internet browser, making deployment easy for users.
SDU	Single dwelling unit. A single family house or dwelling. A dwelling used by a single household, even if it shares one or more walls with another dwelling. Typically, it has direct passage or access to the street, and it does not share heating, water or any other essential services with other apartments.
SMS	Short Message Service, i.e. the mobile text messaging system. Text messages are short messages (originally 160 characters) that are typically sent from one mobile phone to another over the mobile network. Messages are transmitted via an SMS centre, which stores the message until the targeted mobile phone is back online.
Wi-Fi	WLAN products commonly use the term Wi-Fi in their commercial names. Wi-Fi is a trademark of the Wi-Fi Alliance, and its members use it as a symbol of a specific quality level.
WLAN	A wireless local area network is a technology with which different network devices can be connected to each other without the use of cables. Often, WLAN refers to the IEEE 802.11 standard.
WAN	WAN Wide area network. A data network operating in wide area, such as between buildings.
Smartphone	A smartphone is a mobile phone that, in addition to the functions of a conventional mobile phone, includes features of a computer. Even though this definition is not unambiguous, smartphones typically include a graphical user interface, a broad and modifiable range of applications, and an Internet connection.